Sunday, October 25, 2009

adeno:技术贴step 3 CCS 99 05 2009

adeno (天夺其魄) 于 (Wed May 6 16:22:43 2009) 提到:

成绩出来了,涉险挤入了99队伍。总的来说,准备的不是很充份,详见以前贴的"我
的step 3经历",主要是在吃CK的老本;其他乏善可陈,成绩单里唯一的一个星号是
给了CCS,这里就说一说CCS好了。

以前总把CCS和CS混淆,其实这两个有一个共同点就是open choices和uncertainty。在
这总场合,最重要的可能就是要有一个严格的protocol,这样可以尽量避免遗漏。考过
CS的同学都知道LIQOR AAA和PAMHUGSFOSS的重要性。CCS也一样。网上比较流行的是
Neeraj的protocol,用google一搜就能找到。非常有用。我把他的protocol稍微整理了
一下,自以为是更加简洁有条理一些。给几个朋友用了用,有的朋友觉的没有时间应用
,有的朋友用了觉的还成,让我贴出来,最后的决定是如果考出来还行就贴,要不就不
出来吓人了。

象CS一样这个protocol充满了mnemonics,开始考试之前第一件事就是把所有的mnemonics写下来。下面9个case都可以用,这点比CS强。

(1) what's to be managed?

知己知彼百战不殆。第一件事是要知道有什么是需要处理的。在读病史的时候要把这些要点记下来。这个mnemonic不make sense,就是好念: VASCODAL

V: abnormal vitals
A: age
S: sex
C: chief complaint
O: other symptoms to be managed
D: Diabetes
A: Allergy
L: Lifestyle to be modified (eg, smoking/alcohol/drug, etc)

(2) Emergency orders

如果病人不stable,在体检之前你要先stablize。下面是Emergency orders的checklist。当然不是每个人都要全套,你根据病人的需要,不要遗漏就是了。

I am so mean!

IVA
Airway suction,
Mechanical ventilation (of course, preceded by tracheal intubation),
Sat,
O2,
Monitor (enter monitor, then select bp and cardiac),
EKG,
Accuchek,
Naloxone cocktail (naloxone, thiamine and D50)

(3) Physical examination

PE没啥特殊的。原则是: if the patient is in any distress (SOB, severe pain, not necessary unstable), do a focused PE; Otherwise, do a complete one

(4) Diagnostic orders

Neeraj的原版是boupi,对俺们老中来说还是BUOPI更血淋淋一些。诊断嘛,就是要刺刀见红。

Blood: cbc, bmp, LFT, Mg, P, TSH, fT4, fT3, Cardiac enzyme,
PT/PTT, Blood Culture, Lipid profile, etc
Urine: UA, culture,etc
Other: EKG, FEV1, PEFR
Pregnancy:育龄女性不可缺少!
Imaging: CXR, KUB, CT, etc

5. Treatment plan


ADMIT P ICU (Admit Patient to ICU)

Activity: bed rest, ambulate, etc
Diet: low salt, low fat, NPO, soft food, blahblah
Modification of Lifestyle (Avoid Caffeine, etc )
IV fluids
Treatment (Medication/Procedure)

Precaution: Seizure precaution, aspiration precaution, skin care, DVT and stress ulcer

Intake/Output
Compressive stocking
upper GI protection (or ulcer prevention, whatever) (ranitidine, pantoprazole, etc)

(These 3 are for ICU only)



7. Monitor: 下了order后要注意治疗效果。根据病情关注下列指征。

History&Physical, Urine output, BP, Sat, H&H (bleeding) CBC (infection), BMP (Electrolyte), ABG, PT/INR/PTT, LFT, etc, neuro check (for altered mental status)


8. Discharge: Rated SexPM

RatedSex see Neeraj
Prevention (screening and vaccination, age appropriate)
Medication side effects and adherence

就这些。有一点很重要的没有提到,就是location。什么时候换,换哪里没有一定之规,自己用common sense吧。Neeraj有更详细的讨论。

=============================

附录: empirical antibiotic use (stripped from UW88 and Shaher CD)

Common ID and abx use:

AOM and sinusitis: amoxicillin
IE: Vancomycin + Gentamycin
cholecystisis, ampicillin + gentamycin, or cefuroxime monotherapy
cholangitis or necrotizing pancreatitis: Imipenem
appendicitis, diverticulitis: cipro + flagyl
perforation: Ampicillin + Gentamycin + Metronidazole
Pyelonephritis, urosepsis: ceftriaxone
PID: Cefoxitin + Doxycycline
infant sepsis/meningitis: ampicillin + cefotaxime
COPD exacerbation: levoquin
pneumonia: CAP outpatient: azithro
CAP inpatient: levoquin
hospital acquired levo + pipera
fibrile neutropenia: vanco + ceftazidime. Or piperacillin + tobra if G+ is not a concern
prostatitis: ofloxacin
meningitis: vancomycin + ceftriaxone
arthritis: Gono -- Cetriaxone
non-gono -- nafcillin + cipro
cystitis: TMP/SMZ, amoxicillin, cipro, nitrofurantoin
diabetes cellulitis: cefazolin
trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis: metranidazole
mastitis: nafcillin
bronchial foreign body after brochoscope retrieval:
Methylprednisolone, IV, one time
Cefazolin, IV, one time

抱歉的是里面有很多缩写。你考到step 3就明白是什么了,我就不一一翻译了。

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